In Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie, realities are ignored and in turn, illusions are created. Amanda and Laura both are faced with problematic lives that they wish to escape from. In her younger years, Amanda was in high social standing but has fallen over the years to her present state of middle class American life. She used to be very attractive to “gentleman callers” but was just recently left by her husband. Amanda has trouble accepting her fallen state and cannot escape it. She instead pretends that she is still the girl from her past and avoids confronting what plagues her (her status).

Laura, Amanda’s daughter, crippled since she was a child, is severely insecure and becomes physically ill when put in a stressful situation. Although Laura knows that she is different, she still tries to separate herself from others and therefore becomes more and more out of touch with reality in order to convince herself that she is just the same as everyone else. Williams uses symbolism to convey the illusion surrounding Laura and Amanda’s lives. The many symbols help to establish the great distance between Amanda and Laura and reality. Williams uses symbolism to reveal the different ways in which Amanda and Laura delude themselves and the effects of their delusion.

Williams uses the picture of Mr. Wingfield and the fire escape/landing to symbolize that Amanda deludes herself from her social and economic fall by clinging to another time and place:

TOM. I’d rather smoke. [He steps out on the landing, letting the screen door slam.]
AMANDA. [sharply] I know! That’s the tragedy of it… [Alone, she turns to look at her husband’s picture.]

The landing that Tom steps down on is a symbol of escape. Escape is something that Amanda wants, specifically to be able to escape her present situation of being a single mother and trying to raise a daughter to be more successful in life than she has. When Tom lets the screen door to the landing slam shut, it is made clear that Amanda is denied escape from her reality. Because she cannot escape her situation, she clings to the past and tries to forget the present. The obvious “tragedy” is that Tom would rather smoke than save the money and use it to better himself, but there is an even more important underlying meaning. Amanda speaks of this “tragedy” and “alone, she turns to look at her husband’s picture.” The real “tragedy” is that Amanda tries to “cling frantically to the past”.

Her delusion is symbolized by the picture of her husband which represents the past and the life she used to know. Her husband’s picture, with his perpetual smile, signifies the happy life which Amanda wishes she could go back to and now focuses on and lives through in order to escape the reality of her situation. The picture is always looking over the Wingfield household which displays the presentness of the past for Amanda. Although we know that after Tom goes down to the landing that Amanda is alone, Williams states it again for emphasis so it is made clear that, although Laura deludes herself as well, Amanda is the only one clinging to the past. This is significant because it reveals Amanda’s way of creating an illusion of reality so she can forego dealing with the present. The picture of Mr. Wingfield symbolizes the past which Amanda clings to in order to escape the present while the landing represents the escape which she can never have.

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These examples are more than mere anecdotes used to catch the reader’s consideration. By putting a face on the issues presented in the story, Schlosser illustrates the values—and lack thereof—in American culture. This paper will focus on the use of personal examples that Schlosser employs throughout the book by taking a look at how he uses these examples in each chapter to support his points of view.

The reader is given the opportunity to process the information presented and form an educated opinion. Beginning in the Introduction, the reader is faced with many unexpected statistics and bold statements. By referring to the industry as both “a catalyst and a symptom” of what Americans have come to value, Schlosser prepares the reader for what is to come in the book.

Again and again, he lures us (the reader) into the world of the fast food industry with his reminders that Americans do not really consider what or why they’re consuming so much fast food. His use of the Air Force station and almost constant references to McDonald’s starts to give a face to the issue at hand. Chapter 1 sets up some basic information of how the industry began.

Schlosser asserts that American values began to change with the times. As the economy became less troubled after WWII, and families began to rely heavily on the use of cars, the fast food industry began. The reader learns of the major impact Carl Karcher had on setting the tone for America’s love of the convenience of fast food.

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Measures based only on income or consumption expenditure is not enough because the relationship between these variables and the actual living conditions is not sufficiently strong. But this consideration on income is still valid for developed countries, where there is undoubtedly an indicator of poverty. Whatever maybe the main indication in determining poverty, somehow, it is global problem which all of the nations are facing, not just the third world countries but also those developing countries as well like the United States, which is a very rich country. According to Bradley R. Schiller, “America produces more than 20 percent of the world’s output”. Though this is a fact proof of supposedly poverty-free country, it is still a hot issue though, like that also of Canada, also considered a developed country.

Still the question remains- what are the causes of poverty? When we know its causes, then it would be easier to tract down certain solutions to overcome it. The presence of poor people in the midst of the world’s rich countries has to be explained, same as the poor from third world countries. I do believe that whatever nation each of us belongs to, reasons on this aspect are similar and that we have to extract on.
We are also aware of the present situation globally affecting us; this is regarding United States and Iraq. Many of us fear the consequences, especially for the poor, for we’re aware that this will make way for crisis.

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Rappеrs arе constantly blamеd for crimеs. In 1988, rappеr Icе-T was in thе holе from thе mеdia bеcausе of a song hе wrotе callеd, “Cop Killa”. Whеn that song was rеlеasеd sеvеral murdеrеrs statеd that thеy did it bеcausе of Icе-T’s song. But is it Icе-T’s fault for thеsе crimеs, or is it thе fault of thе pеrson committing thеsе crimеs against thе policе officеrs. Thе answеr is no it is not thе musician’s fault, thе musician should not bе thе onе blamеd for thеsе crimеs. Policе officеrs wеrе bеing shot all thе timе bеforе that song camе out in thе public. All cops know that thеir jobs arе dangеrous, yеt thеy still takе thе job so why blamе it on thе music wе listеn to? Also a group callеd Thrее Six Mafia had a similar еxpеriеncе to Icе-T’s. Thеy wеrе bannеd from almost еvеry statе in thе north and thе south bеcausе of a song thеy wrotе callеd “Tеar thе Club Up”. Whеnеvеr thе group pеrformеd this song, a riot brokе out. This is not thе groups’ fault howеvеr. Thе pеoplе who cannot control thеmsеlvеs arе thе onеs to bе blamеd. Thе mеdia was quick to jump out and say that thе riots wеrе a rеsult of thе so callеd “Gansta Rap”, not thе rеsult of thе out of control pеoplе in thе crowd.

Rap music is bеcoming onе of thе most popular forms of еxprеssion now days. This has gottеn many pеoplе who livе in povеrty out of thе “ghеtto.” Also, rap musicians donatе thousands and thousands of dollars to charitiеs all ovеr thе Unitеd Statеs. Whеn do you hеar thе mеdia givе thеm crеdit for that? Thе mеdia always looks for thе worst parts of a story. Rap also givеs many young pеoplе hopе in lifе. Whеn a tееnagеr has problеms in lifе, music can always hеlp thеm fееl bеttеr. I know that it always hеlps mе to fееl bеttеr. It may not always bе rap music that makеs mе fееl bеttеr all music is most dеfinitеly a calming.

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Autonomy is difficult to understand. I believe it has a slightly different meaning to everyone. To me, it is more spiritual. The government can never take that from me. I believe in God, and that is my intellectual independence from authority. That is my basic belief. Socrates was willing to die for his belief, and for his country. I do not know if I could have been as strong as he was, because I feel very differently about government then he did. I am not saying I would not go to war and die for my country. I know the United States today is free. But it is also hard for me to believe that is will remain that way for my great great grandchildren. I hope that they will be able to make their own judgments about philosophy and autonomy, and not be forced to believe everything in text. That is one wonderful thing about philosophy. It seems to be untouched by the government. It is hard to put on paper what I believe about life, and the meaning of Reality. But it is nice to be able to “believe”, and not be told what is “right”. I want to question what I am told, even if it is a fact in a textbook. I want to be able to write an essay on what “I” believe instead of what the teacher believes. To me, that is what philosophy and autonomy is all about. In a world where kids are no longer allowed to say a prayer before lunch, it is nice to know we can sit in a classroom and discuss how one person’s belief affects our own, no rules, no regulations. I want more things in society to be that way. I want to ask questions and not be told I’m wrong.

Now, we must observe the relationship between morality and autonomy. Morals can not be forced. They can be taught and understood. But in the end, it is up to the individual as to what they believe is morally right. Morality relates directly to autonomy in my view. In order to achieve freedom from authority and true intellectual independence, one must have strong morals. A man on death row for the murder of his children can not say he was exercising his own personal autonomy. He obviously has no morals; therefore he has no right to freedom from authority, at least that is the way I see it. The two go hand in hand. My morals teach me religion is the basis on which I should live my life. Therefore, if I choose to say “one nation, under god” in the pledge, I do not feel as though I am breaking the law, even if technically I am. These days, philosophy and autonomy play a role in just about everything. I am studying Plato in government, for example. The two are backbones in our community. They keep us going, keep us moving towards what we believe. Sometimes it feels like philosophy is the only way we can express our true selves, even though we are still judged just as the early philosophers were. But where would we be without them? That just proves that we should keep on learning about them, and about what they believed, not so that we can agree, but so that we can relate our own beliefs and have a backbone to follow…

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Before we start considering the topic which interests us, namely the discussion of certain driving behavior and the possibility to avoid it, it is necessary to define behavior as such. Generally, behavior is what we do. We accomplish actions which are publicly observable such as body movements, speaking, and so on.

When we view the behavior of the person I have chosen to observe it is as follows. The chosen person is my cousin Christopher who works for a growing FMCG company under large pressure of his management. He has got used to work long hours and cannot imagine his life without the cell phone and its usage every minute everywhere. What is the reason for concern is his driving behavior while talking on the cell-phone. Christopher becomes inattentive; he fails to notice important road signs and even pedestrians. As far as it is impossible for him not to talk on the phone while driving (he works outside the office and thus is to be available and easy of access at all times) there is supposed to be some way to make him more attentive and careful.

There are some possibilities of making Christopher be more careful on the way while talking on his cell-phone. First of all, it is possible to engage his close relatives (and even friends) into the process and ask them to constantly remind Christopher to be careful. as soon as he begins to be more attentive and drives more safely their constant reminders will stop. This is supposed to be such a principle as negative reinforcement. But Christopher’s behavior (if changed) will be difficult to control. So this variant of influence can be used as additional and a kind of a safety net.
What is more likely to have its positive effect on Christopher’s driving behavior is such principle as respondent conditioning. This principle is supposed to be used in order to establish certain response based on methods developed and described by Ivan Pavlov and his disciples. In this type of conditioning some kind of an initially neutral stimulus is supposed to eventually cause a conditioned response.

I believe this principle to be the most appropriate and effective in this situation as it is supposed to cause a long-term reaction which will protect Christopher from meeting with an accident on the road while driving and talking on the cell-phone.

In order to implement my plan I will have to pretend observing Christopher’s behavior for some more time. Thus I will have to be in his car with him while he drives solving his business issues, executing the management’s orders, and doing his job.

Before we go driving one day I tell him some recent and horrible episode connected with a car accident which was caused by lack of the driver’s attention while talking on the phone and driving at the same time. The accident is supposed to be the driver’s fault and there can even be victims. I am going to find the pictures from the scene of this accident and show Christopher. This will be done between this and then in order to seem an accidental match with Christopher’s behavior on the way. He will certainly parallel the described accident with his careless driving behavior and instinctively will notice the coincidence. My story is supposed to make Christopher understand that his phone conversations and relevant driving behavior can result in something similar. Thus I have to make him change his driving behaviors. His cell-phone ringing will be a neutral stimulus (NS) first. As soon as the phone rings I will show him the photo of the accident I have spoken about. And the photo of the accident will serve as an unconditioned stimulus (US). As a result unconditioned response to this stimulus will be Christopher’s fear to meet with a car accident, to come to harm himself, and to hurt innocent people. Fear will appear to be an unconditioned response (UR) to my stimulus.

After the lapse of some days the phone ringing (the neutral stimulus) will become a conditioned stimulus. It will happen in the following way. Each time the phone rings (conditional stimulus) I will show Christopher the picture (unconditioned stimulus) and he will start fearing of an accident. As a result in some time Christopher will demonstrate conditioned response – fear of an accident – as soon as the phone rings. And as he is afraid he will refer to and pay attention to the road signs and the external scenery on the road and thus be more careful driving. The best behavior of him which I will advise can be decelerating or even stopping the car if there is such a possibility…

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Some of the triggers can be caused from allergies, infections, and strong odors or fumes that come from your house. It is important to watch what you are around so you don’t become more infected. Every one who has asthma has different triggers that bother their asthma symptoms. So you should recognize your triggers and stay away from them. You should try to get rid of all the triggers out of your house as you can such as animals, smoking, odors, etc. That can help you have fewer symptoms. When your asthma is not under control of or have not told a doctor about your asthma.

These symptoms will occur. Wheezing which is when you breath you hear a whistling sound. You will have a bad cough that will not go a way or your chest feels so tight. It can also feel like you can not catch your breath. Those symptoms will occur or you will have an asthma attack unless you contact a doctor about your asthma and stay with your treatment. When an asthma attack happens constriction happens, which is when the muscles tighten around the airways in the lungs. Makes it really hard to breath. And there is inflammation, which the airways are swollen and irritated and become more irritated when the attack happens. Inflammation limits the amount of air into your lungs.

It is very important that you treat your asthma whether you have the symptoms or not. Because you could be feeling just fine then your asthma attack could occur so stick to your treatment. If it is left untreated you will have asthma attacks or may cause long term loss of lung function. That is not good. If you have asthma you should stay away from this list of triggers. Smoking, dust mites, most pets, cock roaches, indoor and outdoor mold, strong odors, sprays, and pollen. And keep your self healthy. Try to get rid of all the triggers out of your house as you can, as such triggers up above. That should help you to stay healthy and your asthma symptoms down. You should exercise daily, drink lots of fluids, and avoid from getting a cold, also avoid eating junk food.

People usually get asthma because it runs in their family. Asthma will last for the rest of your life. Asthma can not be cured it can only be treated. The treatment is usually using inhalers (which help open up the air ways in your lungs) prescribed by doctors and getting rid of the triggers in your house plus seeing your doctor. Children can usually out grow asthma between the ages 2-11, but ages 11 and up can not out grow it. So children have a bigger advantage of getting rid of their asthma than adults are. Children start out by wheezing. Still very important to consult your doctor about your child’s asthma. No one is more susceptible to asthma. Except children can usually out grow it. With human race everyone is equal to asthma. Over 17 million Americans suffer from asthma. If you would like more information on asthma go to i breath.com or health talk.com. Or go to a library and find a book on asthma called asthma…

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